FORCE AND MOTION/SIMPLE MACHINES CROSSWALK DOCUMENT
Created October 8, 2010
Force and Motion/Simple Machines Content Cross-walking Document
Lesson
Objective
Standards Addressed (include prioritization E, I or C)
Lesson Prioritization (E, I, C)
Timing Suggestion(s)
Investigation 1 How Fast is it Going?
Design and conduct an experiment to determine the speed of a moving object (a buggy).
Compare the speeds of two moving objects qualitatively (which is faster, which is slower) and quantitatively (how much faster does one object move than the other).
Standard 3.1.2: Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of objects. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are important forms of potential energy that contribute to the mechanical energy of objects.Standard 3.2.A: When the forces acting on an object are balanced, its motion will not change. Unbalanced forces will cause the object’s motion to change. Changes in motion depend upon the size and direction of the total unbalanced force exerted on the object.
Level: Essential
Level: Essential
1-2 periods
Investigation 2: Graphical Displays of Motion
Investigate the differences between motion with constant speed and motion with changing speed.
Learn to use the simple technology of Dot-Cars to collect motion data.
Create bar graphs and line plot graphs to illustrate constant speed motion and changing speed motion.
Learn how graphs can be used to understand an object’s motion.
Use probe technology and computers to collect and graph motion data.
Standard 3.1.2: Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of objects. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are important forms of potential energy that contribute to the mechanical energy of objects.Standard 3.2.A: When the forces acting on an object are balanced, its motion will not change. Unbalanced forces will cause the object’s motion to change. Changes in motion depend upon the size and direction of the total unbalanced force exerted on the object.
Level: Essential
Level: Essential
5-6 periods
Investigation 3: A Look at Gravity
Learn that gravity is an inescapable force that acts between all objects.
Learn that all objects exert a force of gravity on other objects, but these forces are too small to detect unless one of the objects is huge; a star, a planet or a moon.
Examine the difference between mass and weight.
Investigate the direction in which the force of gravity acts.
Standard 3.1.2: Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of objects. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are important forms of potential energy that contribute to the mechanical energy of objects.Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward.
Level: EssentialLevel: Important
2 periods
Investigation 4: Identifying Forces
Recognize that there are always forces acting on objects.
Learn that forces cannot be seen and are often difficult to detect, but there are clues that we can use to identify when a force is acting on an object.
Learn that the forces investigated in this investigation have specific properties. Understanding these properties help us to predict the effect these forces will have on objects and the objects’ motion.
Recognize that the direction in which a force acts is an important property of the force and will influence the effect that the force has on the object.
Standard 3.1.2: Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of objects. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are important forms of potential energy that contribute to the mechanical energy of objects.Standard 3.2.A: When the forces acting on an object are balanced, its motion will not change. Unbalanced forces will cause the object’s motion to change. Changes in motion depend upon the size and direction of the total unbalanced force exerted on the object
Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward
Essential EssentialImportant
3
periods
Investigation 5: Drawing Forces
Practice identifying the forces that act on objects in different situations.
Practice identifying the direction of the forces acting on different objects.
Learn how to make force diagrams by using arrows to symbolize the forces that act on objects.
Learn how to combine forces to find the total force.
Learn how to recognize when the forces acting on an object are balanced and when the forces are unbalanced.
Learn how the size and direction of the total force determines how the motion of an object will change.
Standard 3.1.2: Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of objects. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are important forms of potential energy that contribute to the mechanical energy of objects.Standard 3.2.A: When the forces acting on an object are balanced, its motion will not change. Unbalanced forces will cause the object’s motion to change. Changes in motion depend upon the size and direction of the total unbalanced force exerted on the object
Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward
Essential EssentialImportant
2-3 periods
Investigation 6: Getting Some Leverage on Simple Machines
Identify the effort force, the fulcrum, and the resistance force in a simple lever system.
Recognize that the placement of the effort force, the fulcrum, and the resistance force will affect the effectiveness of the lever system.
Be introduced to the effort force & effort distance relationship.
Standard 3.1.2: Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of objects. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are important forms of potential energy that contribute to the mechanical energy of objects.Standard 3.2.A: When the forces acting on an object are balanced, its motion will not change. Unbalanced forces will cause the object’s motion to change. Changes in motion depend upon the size and direction of the total unbalanced force exerted on the object Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward
Standard 3.2.3: Forces can be used to transfer energy from one object to another. simple machines are used to transfer energy in order to simplify difficult tasks.
Essential EssentialImportantEssential
4-5 periods
Investigation 7: Changing Directions: Investigating Pulley Systems
Identify the effort force, the pulley (as either fixed or moveable), and the resistance force in pulley systems.
Investigate the effect of using fixed and moveable pulleys on the effort force, effort distance, and the mechanical advantage of a pulley system.
Distinguish between a mechanical advantage and a directional advantage.
Collect data and draw conclusions about the collected data.
Investigate the effort force & effort distance relationship in pulleys.
Standard 3.1.2: Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of objects. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are important forms of potential energy that contribute to the mechanical energy of objects.Standard 3.2.A: When the forces acting on an object are balanced, its motion will not change. Unbalanced forces will cause the object’s motion to change. Changes in motion depend upon the size and direction of the total unbalanced force exerted on the object Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward Standard 3.2.3: Forces can be used to transfer energy from one object to another. simple machines are used to transfer energy in order to simplify difficult tasks.
Essential EssentialImportantEssential
4-5 periods
Investigation 8: Simple Machine & Energy
An inverse relationship exists between the effort force and the effort distance.
When a simple machine is used, by applying an effort force over a specific effort distance, energy is transferred from the user to the machine to accomplish a task.
The energy put into a system to accomplish a task is the same each time, so long as the ‘task’ remains the same.
The input energy, as well as the output energy, of a system can be quantified.
Standard 3.1.2: Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of objects. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are important forms of potential energy that contribute to the mechanical energy of objects.Standard 3.2.A: When the forces acting on an object are balanced, its motion will not change. Unbalanced forces will cause the object’s motion to change. Changes in motion depend upon the size and direction of the total unbalanced force exerted on the object
Standard 3.2.3: Forces can be used to transfer energy from one object to another. simple machines are used to transfer energy in order to simplify difficult tasks.
EssentialEssentialEssential
2periods
Investigation 9: A Review of Simple Circuits
Review and describe basic electric circuits and their components (series and parallel).
Create an electric circuit diagram and then construct the actual circuit depicted in the diagram.
Make qualitative observations regarding the behavior of circuits.
Standard 3.1.5 : Electrical energy is a form of energy that can be transferred by moving charges through a complete circuit.
Standard 3.2.8: Electrical systems can be designed to perform a variety of tasks Series or parallel circuits can be used to transfer electrical energy to devices. Electrical circuits required a complete loop through which the electrical charges can pass.
Essential
Essential
1-3 periods
Investigation 10: Electric Charge, Electric Forces, & Electric Circuits
Learn about electric charges and the forces they exert on each other.
Learn that electric forces can be used to attract or repel charges and can be used to make charges move.
Investigate batteries more carefully to see why they are important elements of an electric circuit.
Learn that there is a difference between electric charge and electric energy.
Use a model and animations to learn how electric circuits work.
Standard 3.1.5 : Electrical energy is a form of energy that can be transferred by moving charges through a complete circuit.
Standard 3.2.8: Electrical systems can be designed to perform a variety of tasks Series or parallel circuits can be used to transfer electrical energy to devices. Electrical circuits required a complete loop through which the electrical charges can pass.
Essential
Essential
1-2 periods
Investigation 11: Investigating Series and Parallel Circuits
Review and describe basic electric circuits and their components (series and parallel).
Practice drawing and building a variety of circuits that contain two or three devices.
Use energy concepts to make qualitative predictions about the performance of light bulbs and motors in series and parallel circuits.
Standard 3.1.5 : Electrical energy is a form of energy that can be transferred by moving charges through a complete circuit.
Standard 3.2.8: Electrical systems can be designed to perform a variety of tasks Series or parallel circuits can be used to transfer electrical energy to devices. Electrical circuits required a complete loop through which the electrical charges can pass.
Created October 8, 2010
Compare the speeds of two moving objects qualitatively (which is faster, which is slower) and quantitatively (how much faster does one object move than the other).
Level: Essential
Learn to use the simple technology of Dot-Cars to collect motion data.
Create bar graphs and line plot graphs to illustrate constant speed motion and changing speed motion.
Learn how graphs can be used to understand an object’s motion.
Use probe technology and computers to collect and graph motion data.
Level: Essential
Learn that all objects exert a force of gravity on other objects, but these forces are too small to detect unless one of the objects is huge; a star, a planet or a moon.
Examine the difference between mass and weight.
Investigate the direction in which the force of gravity acts.
Learn that forces cannot be seen and are often difficult to detect, but there are clues that we can use to identify when a force is acting on an object.
Learn that the forces investigated in this investigation have specific properties. Understanding these properties help us to predict the effect these forces will have on objects and the objects’ motion.
Recognize that the direction in which a force acts is an important property of the force and will influence the effect that the force has on the object.
Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward
EssentialImportant
periods
Practice identifying the direction of the forces acting on different objects.
Learn how to make force diagrams by using arrows to symbolize the forces that act on objects.
Learn how to combine forces to find the total force.
Learn how to recognize when the forces acting on an object are balanced and when the forces are unbalanced.
Learn how the size and direction of the total force determines how the motion of an object will change.
Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward
EssentialImportant
Recognize that the placement of the effort force, the fulcrum, and the resistance force will affect the effectiveness of the lever system.
Be introduced to the effort force & effort distance relationship.
Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward
Standard 3.2.3: Forces can be used to transfer energy from one object to another. simple machines are used to transfer energy in order to simplify difficult tasks.
Essential Important Essential
Investigate the effect of using fixed and moveable pulleys on the effort force, effort distance, and the mechanical advantage of a pulley system.
Distinguish between a mechanical advantage and a directional advantage.
Collect data and draw conclusions about the collected data.
Investigate the effort force & effort distance relationship in pulleys.
Standard 3.2.B: Gravity is a force that acts between masses over very large distances. Near the Earth’s surface, gravity pulls objects and substances vertically downward
Standard 3.2.3: Forces can be used to transfer energy from one object to another. simple machines are used to transfer energy in order to simplify difficult tasks.
Essential Important Essential
When a simple machine is used, by applying an effort force over a specific effort distance, energy is transferred from the user to the machine to accomplish a task.
The energy put into a system to accomplish a task is the same each time, so long as the ‘task’ remains the same.
The input energy, as well as the output energy, of a system can be quantified.
Standard 3.2.3: Forces can be used to transfer energy from one object to another. simple machines are used to transfer energy in order to simplify difficult tasks.
Create an electric circuit diagram and then construct the actual circuit depicted in the diagram.
Make qualitative observations regarding the behavior of circuits.
Standard 3.2.8: Electrical systems can be designed to perform a variety of tasks Series or parallel circuits can be used to transfer electrical energy to devices. Electrical circuits required a complete loop through which the electrical charges can pass.
Essential
Learn that electric forces can be used to attract or repel charges and can be used to make charges move.
Investigate batteries more carefully to see why they are important elements of an electric circuit.
Learn that there is a difference between electric charge and electric energy.
Use a model and animations to learn how electric circuits work.
Standard 3.2.8: Electrical systems can be designed to perform a variety of tasks Series or parallel circuits can be used to transfer electrical energy to devices. Electrical circuits required a complete loop through which the electrical charges can pass.
Essential
Practice drawing and building a variety of circuits that contain two or three devices.
Use energy concepts to make qualitative predictions about the performance of light bulbs and motors in series and parallel circuits.
Standard 3.2.8: Electrical systems can be designed to perform a variety of tasks Series or parallel circuits can be used to transfer electrical energy to devices. Electrical circuits required a complete loop through which the electrical charges can pass.
essential